16.4.11

19th Century Philosophers: Marx



2. The Unification of Science: Because of the emphasis upon practice, physical and biological sciences must be understood in terms of heir effects o on the modes of material life. Therefore, there is no real separation between natural and social sciences. Atomic theory, for example, is not simply understood to be an abstract account of the way the universe exists. Rather it is understood in terms of the way it affects the lives of people. Atomic bombs and nuclear power plants are not incidental applications of atomic theory; rather they are part of what atomic theory is. They establish an essential connection between theory and the modes of material life.

The separation of science from technology is artificial and misleading. It is technology, which motivates and inspires scientific thought—since technology deals directly with the modes of material life.

The relating of every science to the modes of material life establishes a unitary science.