XVIII. Twilight of the IdolsTwilight of the Idols, or How to Philosophize with a Hammer was one of Nietzsche’s last works, completed in 1888 and published in 1889. Its original title was, Psychologists Leisure, or the Idle Hours of Psychologists. The final title was a parody of Richard Wagner’s opera title Twilight of the Gods. The book contains a number of short pieces—some very short—and a lengthier essay entitled, “Expeditions of an Untimely Man.” We will examine one short essay and two excerpts from longer essays.
